Post Traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

MGT paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGT paper - Essay Example Clerical employments stresses polished methodology in that, an individual work in the field where the person in question has the information, aptitudes and experience. In a clerical work setting, it is feasible for laborers to work in any zone they like, yet work is directed by a person’s preparing in a specific vocation field (Hoop and Wolzansky 64). Since professional specialists carry out their responsibility in an office setting, their profitability can be estimated in various manners. Initially, the efficiency of salaried laborers can be estimated by surveying specialist commitment. Specialist commitment alludes to the intrigue that laborers have in the different errand that they are appointed in the workplace. Where the laborers are disappointed with their workplace, they will in general avoid therefore influencing the profitability of the organization as far as arriving at the set up objectives. Laborer association can be utilized to quantify profitability in that, where laborers are content with their workplace, their inclusion increments and this thusly, expands execution and efficiency of the organization. Then again, inventiveness and innovativeness can likewise be utilized to gauge the efficiency of cushy laborers. An inventive pool of laborers implies that an organization can improve its profitability and addition a s erious edge over comparable organizations as to the piece of the pie. Nonetheless, an absence of imaginativeness or innovativeness among laborers implies that the efficiency of the organization is likewise influenced (Hoop and Wolzansky 68). Cooperation is likewise a device to gauge the profitability of cubicle laborers. This is on the grounds that, in a gathering, it is simpler to see the contribution of each part regarding commitments made by every part. This causes the group head to evaluate the ability or capacity of each gathering part in improving a company’s efficiency. Representative turnover is additionally a method of estimating the profitability

How to Find a Good Tutor Online

How to Find a Good Tutor Online Finding a Good Tutor Online That Will Help You Get Ahead Finding a Good Tutor Online That Will Help You Get Ahead Figuring out how to find a good tutor online takes more than just a quick Google search. In fact, a search can bring up a variety of results, making it seem impossible to tell which service will be the best match for you and your needs. You want to be able to find someone you can trust to make sure that they can help you get to where you need to be, so you don’t want just anyone to be your tutor. Here are some of the things you should look for before you sign up for online tutoring sessions. First and Foremost, Know What You Want It will help narrow down your search if you plan out exactly what goals you’re trying to achieve. It’s one thing to say that you need help studying Shakespeare, but it’s another thing to figure out exactly why you can’t quite catch the grasp of those Elizabethan phrases. Is it because you don’t understand iambic pentameter, or is there a deeper issue at play? Once you ask yourself those tough questions you’ll know what kind of tutor you’re looking for. Look at Their Background and Education This might be obvious to you, but a good online tutor should be properly trained and have a good education, particularly in the subject they are helping you with. You want to be sure that the person you’re relying on for academic success can actually assist you in achieving that. All of our writers at Homework Help Global are highly educated and experienced, with a multitude of different degrees from all across the globe. Read Testimonials and Reviews If you read testimonials and reviews it will help you figure out if you’ve found someone who can really help you. Listening to what their previous clients have to say is a great way to get an accurate idea of what your tutor is going to be like once you start sessions with them. However, if your potential tutor doesn’t have any great reviews posted, take caution before you proceed. Your Search for a Great Online Tutor Stops Here Homework Help Global provides online tutoring services in a variety of subject areas, from ESL training to math homework support. We are dedicated to helping you reach your full potential during your time in school, no matter what level of study you’re in, and all of our tutors go above and beyond for their students. Get a quote for online tutoring services now to take that next step toward a better academic future. References: Bahsoun, P. (n.d.) How to find a tutor online. Care.com. Retrieved from . How to Find a Good Tutor Online Finding a Good Tutor Online That Will Help You Get Ahead Finding a Good Tutor Online That Will Help You Get Ahead Figuring out how to find a good tutor online takes more than just a quick Google search. In fact, a search can bring up a variety of results, making it seem impossible to tell which service will be the best match for you and your needs. You want to be able to find someone you can trust to make sure that they can help you get to where you need to be, so you don’t want just anyone to be your tutor. Here are some of the things you should look for before you sign up for online tutoring sessions. First and Foremost, Know What You Want It will help narrow down your search if you plan out exactly what goals you’re trying to achieve. It’s one thing to say that you need help studying Shakespeare, but it’s another thing to figure out exactly why you can’t quite catch the grasp of those Elizabethan phrases. Is it because you don’t understand iambic pentameter, or is there a deeper issue at play? Once you ask yourself those tough questions you’ll know what kind of tutor you’re looking for. Look at Their Background and Education This might be obvious to you, but a good online tutor should be properly trained and have a good education, particularly in the subject they are helping you with. You want to be sure that the person you’re relying on for academic success can actually assist you in achieving that. All of our writers at Homework Help Global are highly educated and experienced, with a multitude of different degrees from all across the globe. Read Testimonials and Reviews If you read testimonials and reviews it will help you figure out if you’ve found someone who can really help you. Listening to what their previous clients have to say is a great way to get an accurate idea of what your tutor is going to be like once you start sessions with them. However, if your potential tutor doesn’t have any great reviews posted, take caution before you proceed. Your Search for a Great Online Tutor Stops Here Homework Help Global provides online tutoring services in a variety of subject areas, from ESL training to math homework support. We are dedicated to helping you reach your full potential during your time in school, no matter what level of study you’re in, and all of our tutors go above and beyond for their students. Get a quote for online tutoring services now to take that next step toward a better academic future. References: Bahsoun, P. (n.d.) How to find a tutor online. Care.com. Retrieved from .

Standpoint Theory And Its Impact On Society - 925 Words

Standpoint Theory is defined as a viewpoint or an attitude towards a particular issue based on a person s own experience or social standing (Orbe Harris, 2015). Standpoint Theory works to understand how someone s day to day experiences affect their opinions and judgements, or their standpoints. Because people experience life differently, there are a variety of different standpoints that exist within societies. Standpoints could be formulated based on an individual s gender, race, class, or sexual orientation. Standpoint Theory shows how the society we live in contributes to how we see and experience the world. A person’s standpoint can be manipulated by a variety of different factors. For example, what a person sees on social media, TV, or the internet can affect their view of a certain topic. Race, in particular, is an incredibly influential factor in the way we see and experience the world. Members of particular races have different standpoints than members of other races, which results in racism and the creation of stereotypes. One’s perception of a particular race is influenced by what they see and hear each day. An example of how the Standpoint Theory comes to play is when considering the recent attacks by the ISIS terrorist group, which predominantly consists of Arab Muslims. After hearing about it and seeing it all over the news, some people of races other than Arab, began to, if they hadn’t before, view and stereotype the entire Arab race as terrorists. WhileShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinism And Its Impact On Society Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesprogression over generations with raised consciousness (Twelve Theories). With this view, he saw that throughout history humans had advanced mentally and culturally to reach full development. With his various works, Hegel influenced many readers and lead to the division of historical determinists. Hegel’s followers were categorized by the â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† camp based on whether or not they felt humans had reached â€Å"absolute knowledge† (Twelve Theories). In the left camp, a philosopher that left an impressionRead MoreStandpoint Theory Paper1075 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Standpoint Theory Paper Racism is defined as the systematic subordination of certain racial groups by those groups in power . As a society, we must first eradicate ignorance in order to defeat racism. We must acknowledge that people have different ways of viewing the world and that even though someone may have a different opinion than you, it is not necessarily wrong. The idea that people have different ways of viewing the world stems from standpoint theory. Standpoint theory is based on theRead MoreThe Role Of Television Show Plays On The Portrayal Of The Modern Family Set Up1694 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a switch in social classes. He clashes with lifestyles and he gets entangled in a conflict with his uncle. The most applicable theory in this case is the standpoint theory of communication. This theory is a modern approach on the perceptions of people and their options. It focuses on gender, specifically on feminist viewpoints. In modern societies, the theory is applicable in creating awareness am ong the marginalized groups as well as evaluating individuals and how they fight for their rightsRead MoreEssay about Ruth Frankenberg863 Words   |  4 Pageselaborates on Frankenberg’s statement that ‘race shapes white women’s lives’. Ruth begins by comparing this statement to those that are more commonly heard, such as how gender shapes the lives of men and women. She then begins to elaborate on her theory by bringing to the reader’s attention to the broad perspective of ‘whiteness.’ Frankenberg explores the idea of two analytic powers that are continuously referred to throughout the book. These ideas consist of the significance of race in white women’s’Read MoreSocial Responsibility And Its Impact On The Public Eye1164 Words   |  5 PagesThey state that there are 6 dimensions of reputation that have varying impact depending on the sector applied. The dimensions are Product Services, Financial Performance, Vision Leadership, Workplace Enviroment, Social Responsibility and finally Emotional Appeal. These 6 dimensions are favourable to CP as their variety allows for more competition and power distribution without the interference of higher powers (in theory) furthermore it allows for more individuals to gain power through theRead MoreFeminism And The Postmodern Feminist Theory1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolution of feminist theory from a modern to a postmodern viewpoint stands to correct the injustices of historically liberal feminism. For some time, grand narratives have governed the ideas of self and gender from a single experience of â€Å"man†. Traditionally, modern feminism aimed to eradicate the hegemonic theory of inferiority by women to the male gender. Postmodern feminism aspires to eliminate categories of gender altogether, for the social construct of gender is considered to disregardRead MoreBell Hooks Loving Blackness As Political Resistance Analysis1329 Words   |  6 Pagesas Political Resistance† The racism that runs deep in the blood of the United States is a complex issue to tackle. As white supremacy was the foundation on which the country was born, many believe that society breeds this racism and deny the possibility of change. bell hooks eloquently addresses the problems faced by those who seek to make change and establish equality in her essay, â€Å"Loving Blackness as Political Resistance.† She discusses these problems through the lens of her instruction by usingRead MoreEffects Of The White Standards Of Beauty On African American Women923 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent ethics standpoints. Throughout this article the effect of the White standards of beauty towards African American women by questioning the societal definitions of beauty, body image, and hair. (Patton, 2006, p. 24) The societal stereotype is that African American women struggle to measure up to the normative standard. Two theoretical structures guide the analysis of beauty standards such as Afrocentric theory and standpoint theory. The researcher use many examples to explain each theory with factualRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Reproduction1466 Words   |  6 PagesRich’s (1980) On Lies, Secrets, and Silence, these rhetoricians examined how classicism, racism and sexism work together based on heterosexuality to oppress women in society. Therefore, rhetoricians claimed for solidarity and sisterhood despite the race and class differences existing among women. Consequently, female rhetoric theory focused on combining personal, sexual, and social struggles and viewing them as indivisibly linked. Female rhetoricians criticized the dual work performed by women atRead MoreCritical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia1533 Words   |  7 Pageslearning should be merged into early childhood education as o btaining the skills to critically analyze and problem solve has the potential to change society and thus the potential to change the world. It is important individuals become aware of what critical pedagogy is. Critical pedagogy stems from the idea that there is an unequal social structure in our society which is based upon class, race and gender. It has been formulated and influenced by many psychologists and philosophers including John Dewey

Jake Carlson. Cullen, Engc 1101-33. Argumentative Essay.

Jake Carlson Cullen, ENGC 1101-33 Argumentative Essay 03/19/2017 1376 word count The United States’ Admission of Guilt for the Invasion of Native American Land Americans hunted, imprisoned, raped, and murdered Native Americans. Cherokees surviving the onslaught were forced on a 1,00-mile march to the established Indian Territory with few provisions. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this â€Å"Trail of Tears†. (Library of Congress 1) In the 16th century Europeans began to make appearances in North America. By the late 1700’s most tribal lands on the east coast were occupied by Europeans. In 1776 what we know now as the United States of America was founded. For many years to come Native American tribes fought against England, France, and†¦show more content†¦Doing so will help citizens to expand their conceptions of the land and begin to appreciate it’s many resources. Which is equally significant when one considers the recent climate changes and negative effects of human pollution of the earth. Some opponents argue that intrusions of sacred Native American land and that harnessing natural resources from sai d land is irrelevant in today’s day and age. But it must be argued that this assertion is false and that current events such as the recent standoff at Standing Rock Reservation over crude oil pipelines in North Dakota have proven that this issue is still alive and well in American society. The United States has been ignoring their contribution to one of the greatest genocides and largest land invasion in human history for some time. It is time that public schools and educational systems recognize this and begin to tech children the truth of how the United States was founded. I can attest to being taught in public schools, that the Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower and ate Thanksgiving dinner with the Indians at Plymouth Rock. In school, they made it seem like coming to The New World and taking over multiple different independent nations was something that should be easy and was decided over dinner. At home, my great grandmother would tell me â€Å"Christopher Columbus and his Pilgrims were no friends to us. They killed, raped and pillaged our people.†. Of course, being a young child and hearing

One Day free essay sample

One day I will be the face and leader of a major corporation. Some may doubt the validity of that statement, but I can assure you that I do not. In kindergarten, I was classified as having a learning disability. My parents said I was a verbal genius trying to force a round peg into the proverbial square hole. As a result, I struggled to learn to read until second grade, I needed Velcro shoes until I was eight, and I still haven’t mastered the art of bike riding. In fourth grade my family moved to New City, where I didn’t have any more success. I was the chubby kid everyone made fun of. I attended speech and occupational therapy. I got a D in math. Then one day something just clicked. I lay on my bed while my father’s anger over my D echoed from downstairs and it occurred to me: I didn’t like this. We will write a custom essay sample on One Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I didn’t want to make my parents yell anymore, I didn’t want to be the fat, stupid kid anymore, and I was tired of going to those tiny rooms for speech and occupational therapy. I decided to change it all, and I did. Fifth grade was when everything started to come together. I learned to put effort into my work and to make light of my disabilities instead of to dwell on them. I finally made friends, earned straight A’s, and graduated from speech and occupational therapy. By the time the year ended, joy and pride had replaced anger and frustration on my parents’ faces. My success continued and by eighth grade I decided A’s in regular classes weren’t good enough so I upgraded to honors level. I remember the discussion at dinner before the school year began. My parents warned me that I was taking too demanding a course load, but I knew I was up to the challenge. I again finished the year with straight A’s. At the start of high school I was officially declassified as learning disabled. Eager to take on school without this label, I opted for an honors course load the first three years. Each year I was warned that my classes would be too challenging, but I never doubted that I could succeed. This year I’m taking four AP classes and, despite familiar warnings, I wish my schedule allowed more. I think it’s safe to say I’ve struggled more than most. I still can’t ride a bike, and just this morning I spilled coffee all over my father’s breakfast. I spent my youth coping with a learning disability, and I guess you could say I’ve been trying to force the round peg into the square hole since birth. As you might imagine, this has led me to doubt myself, but I know that regardless of what others say, it is possible to round out that square hole. That’s how I know I will be the face and leader of a major corporation one day. One Day free essay sample One day, I went to supermarket with my mother. We were separated while shopping. When I was searching In the market, my mother shouted at me. She said, Fat boy, did you take the towel? I did not want to answer her, I felt shy. Everyone was looking at me at that moment. I thought, why do you need to call me fat boy In the supermarket? You can call me that at home every day. Many people were there. Finally, I went toward my mother and answered her, but getting out of there was of great importance. I did not want to go again. I thought everyone would remember I had the same experience as the story Yellow Sleeve Princes. In the story,Rose went to the market as well. Her mother bought salt fish in the store. Suddenly, Roses friend and her friends mother were there too. We will write a custom essay sample on One Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They asked Rose What are you doing here? l am waiting for my mother; she went to buy salt fish. Rose said. Her friend and her mother felt salt fish had a bad smell. Therefore, Rose wanted to hide and hope that her mother did not call her to help her with the package of salt fish. She felt shy at that moment as well. My feeling was the same as hers. The second experience Is about my love. One day, my mother told me to have dinner with her. My mother needed me to be more handsome, and wear a shirt.Then, we went to a high-level restaurant to have our dinner. Suddenly, my mothers friend came there with her daughter. My mother recommended her daughter to me. I felt very shy and I did not know what I could say at this dinner. At that moment, I wanted to leave quickly. Then, my mother began to talk about my life and how badly I did. I Just prayed to get away from there. I did not like the womans daughter what should be noted that. Both experiences were the same with the story. I can understand what Rose was feeling. I thought we both were scared our mother might do something to embarrass us In the street. One Day free essay sample I am a brave young women who knows what it feels like to be afraid. I have been afraid of a lot of fears, for example: heights, presenting to a large group, choking, the dentist murdering me somehow, my parents fighting while intoxicated, embarrassing myself somehow in the public, and never being successful . I am also brave. I have beaten most of the odds or fears that I deal with in my daily life. I have received shots, went on a rollercoaster (which I will never do ever again), lost someone I loved, presented to a large group of people, got my wisdom teeth cut out of my mouth (the laughing gas did not help the pain Mr. So Called Doctor), and awkwardly fell in public. Many teens my age are scared of the future. Some want to stay in there home town or stay in high school, because they are afraid of taking the next step. We will write a custom essay sample on One Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, I am not. To control my fears , I tell myself what my grandfather always says to my family â€Å"This time shall pass.† I am not going to be in the dentist’s office forever or taking math forever. Everything, and everyone moves on. My future is bright, and I will make sure I reach my goals. I always foresee what I want my future to be. It is a strategy I use to help me get through high school and bad times.I see myself as a mature adult. I picture myself going to college in a city environment. I live in a dorm with my roommate who I get along with. I’m studying abroad in England or France. I am not yet fluent in French, but I can speak the language really well. I am majoring in creative writing and taking women’s study classes and poetry. I also have joined the French club, and an art club. I have made new friends who have similar passions and goals.I get along with my professors, and classmates.In the future, I’m sharing my writing with other people by doing poetry slam and presenting in my creative writing class. In high school, I haven’t been able to explore my passions as much as I would like. I have learned a lot about myself as a person, but college will help me shape my identity, more.I’ll be able to meet new people with different backgrounds, and make connections. I can follow my passions, but also be exposed to more things and expand my interests.I will become a writer or author, one day soon. I will go on book tours and talk with people who read my books. I will be able to share opinions and experiences with other people. I already have written novels and plays I want to finish. I hope in college I will improve in my writing skills andfinish my books. If I work hard, and never stop trying to reach for the stars, I know I will thrive and succeed.

Islamic Religion Zakah

The Islam religion in addition to giving spiritual guidance, also gives economic guidance one of which is the Zakah. Zakah is listed among the five pillars forming the basic foundations of the religion of Islam; it is the third of the five. The word ‘Zakah’ in Arabic means to be purified, to grow and receive blessings. In some texts it is also referred to as Zakat.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic Religion: Zakah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Khan describes Zahra as a mandatory levy paid on wealth and agricultural products that are in excess of a specified minimum (the nisab) (Islamic Economics and Finance 195).  During the time of Prophet Muhammad, there was a list of the nisab for each asset one could own for example the nisab for gold was 85grams and the nisab for silver was 595grams. At that time value 595grams of silver was equivalent to the value of 85grams of gold. Times have chang ed and gold and silver are no longer used as currency. We now have paper money. The value of silver has decreased while that of gold has remained almost the same. Muslim scholars differ on whether to use the nisab of gold or the nisab of silver when calculating the nisab for the current currencies. Those who support the nisab of gold to be used argue that its value has remained the same over time. Those who argue for the nisab of silver argue that it would be of more benefit to the poor if the nausea of silver is used. Using the nisab of silver will lower the minimum hence increasing the number of people to pay Zakah and hence increasing the amount of money. The nisab of silver is used in some countries like Saudi Arabia; although the nisab of gold is the most common (Khan 1994).  Therefore, Nisab’s value is directly dependent on the retailing price of gold (or silver for the countries that use the nisab of silver) in the world markets as it is equal to a specified amount o f gold. In 2012, it was an equivalent of USD$5200. The nisab should be calculated based on the price of gold on the day that the individual pays the levy. The regulations governing the collection and spending of this fund are based on the Quran and the Hadith; works attributed to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad but are not found in the Quran. In some countries the calculation of nisab is based on the poverty level of the country rather than the price of gold or silver (Ahmad 2010). The levy has a lot of importance in the Islamic faith. In the Quran it is equated to prayer. The funds collected are given to the needy and therefore act to bridge the differences between the rich and the poor. This levy leads to the development of the economy as the rich cannot just keep their wealth as it will continue decreasing over time as the levy is imposed, thus it forces them to invest (Ahmad 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your firs t paper with 15% OFF Learn More It develops in people the virtue of generosity and condemns selfishness. It prepares one to get used to the act of giving and when they are required to give up all their wealth for the act of faith they will be ready to do so. Muslims believe that all wealth belongs to Allah and humans are just entrusted with the wealth. They are therefore required to use the wealth as required by the owner. Giving reminds them not to lay too much emphasis on material wealth. Making the contribution purifies wealth and souls of those who give (Khan 1994).  Zakah is not based on all the property one owns since some wealth is considered taxable while other types of properties are exempted from the levy. Wealth that is considered taxable include; livestock, minerals, investments in business including stock, and agricultural products while properties for personal and home use such as furniture and houses are tax exempt. Property that does not have a specific ow ner such as taxes collected by the government is exempt from Zakar as it is used for the benefit of everyone including the poor. Property and businesses that are owned by the public such as schools and mosques are also exempted from the levy. An individual cannot pay Zakah on property that was acquired through stealing, corruption or cheating. The property does not belong to them they therefore cannot pay Zakah for it.  Muslim scholars make it clear that if an asset is not named in the Quran or Hadith as Zakatable it does not mean that it is exempted from the levy. The Prophet Muhammad who was the founder of Zakah only mentioned in his works assets that were available during his time. As people continue to develop new products the zakatable products should be revised in accordance with the current trends.  Zakah is usually paid as a percentage. The percentage of Zakah to be paid varies with the type of asset for which one is paying the levy. It is 2.5% of profits from investment and income from work; 5% of Agricultural products that are irrigated; 10% of agricultural products that do not require irrigation or are watered by natural means such as the rain and 20% for minerals. The percentage is a minimum of what should be paid, if someone is willing to pay more, they can.  Wealth has to meet some requirements before the owner pays the levy. The levy is based on the wealth that is with the owner for a lunar year; 355days.An individual begins counting the days once his wealth exceeds the nisab. Agricultural products are an exemption to the rule of the lunar year; Zakah is paid after harvesting. Zakah for mineral wealth is also paid after acquisition of the mineral and not annually. The levy is imposed only on goods that are developing and increasing.  The rule requiring that an asset has to be growing to be zakatable has some limitations; individuals who intentionally make their wealth not to grow are required to pay Zakah. Prophet Muhammad warns such peo ple and calls them lazy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic Religion: Zakah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wealth that is not growing as an exemption to payment of the levy is limited to people whose property has been stolen or destroyed or whose lack of growth is due to the characteristics of the asset and not the individual’s choice.  The goods also have to be under the individual’s control, debts owed are not included in the calculation. Gold or other precious stones that are in the form of jewels are exempted from the levy as long as they are used for the purpose of looking good and not for business. In the case of land that is used for Agriculture, if it is in the hands of the owner, then the owner pays the levy. In the case that the owner rents out the land without payment, the person who uses the land for farming will pay the levy.  Debts are another area where the payment of the levy is unclear. The debtors cannot pay the levy as the money is not rightfully their neither can the creditors because the money is not under their control. In this century loans which fall under the debt category are common, Muslim scholars differ on opinions whether one should pay the levy for loans or not. It becomes more difficult when one has loans on assets that are tangible. Some people argue that the creditors should be levied as the property belongs to them while others argue that the debtors should be levied as they are in possession of the asset. Levying taxes on both of them will be against the Muslim laws (Shariah) which warn against duality.  Duality in Shariah is defined as dual payment where an asset is levied more than once in the same lunar year. Another issue that has come up with this century is savings such as retirement benefits. The payment of the levy will vary depending on whether the savings are within the control of the individual or they are within the control of the employer. In the case that an individual is paid retirement benefits, he would be required to pay Zakah when he is given the money.  The Quran and Hadith give a description of who should pay the levy. The individual has to meet the requirements of nisab. The individual also has to be an adult of sane mind; children and mentally ill are not required to pay. There is debate on whether children and the mentally ill can pay Zakah. The Hadith requires that children cannot pay until they reach puberty and the mentally ill cannot pay until they recover.  Those who support that the levy should not be imposed on children and the mentally ill argue that it’s an act of worship and therefore requires one to be willing. The intention is compromised in children and those with psychiatric illness. They also argue that those who have a compromised state of mind cannot develop their wealth. Those who are arguing that those who have a compromised state of mind should be tax ed say that the Quran does not provide any exemptions for them (Ahmad 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individual has to be Muslim in order to make the contribution. Non Muslims are required to pay Jizyah. Zakah is an act of worship and belief in the religion; it therefore cannot be paid by someone who does not believe. In the case that a non believer converts to Islam, he cannot be asked to pay Zakah for the years he did not believe in the Islamic faith. In some states a tax an equivalent of the Zakah is levied on non Muslims to ensure economic balance. The individual to pay the levy has to be free; Prisoners are exempted from the levy (Ahmad 2010).  Zakah is considered mandatory for all Muslims. The Quran also requires that one does it voluntarily. In the case that an individual is too mean and refuses to pay, the state has the authority to collect the payment by force and impose a penalty on the individual. The penalty is equivalent to half of the defaulter’s wealth. A group of people may decide to evade the levy. War should be declared on them as they would be consid ered to have rejected the Islamic faith. Some people claim that this law was used during the establishment of the Muslim religion and has since been done away with. There is no evidence to the effect that the law was nullified and therefore most states are considered to have a right to forcefully collect and to impose penalties on those who have defaulted. Those who evade paying the levy will face the wrath of Allah on the Day of Judgment. Those who evade payment are not considered part of the Muslim brotherhood unless the individual is ignorant of the requirements of Zakah or is new to the Islamic faith (Ahmad 2010). When calculating the percentage of Zakah to be paid, the individual first calculates all his assets and subtract liabilities. The difference should be more than the price of 85grams of gold. The Individual can then group assets of the same kind together and get the percentage of the total. In the case of money, 2.5% of the total amount of money he has. The laws of Isla m prohibit grouping of different kind of wealth when calculating the percentage profit. The laws of Islam discourage double payment of Zakah. An asset can only be levied once in a lunar year. Zakah on investments is based on the profit and not on the total amount while the Zakah on money and cattle is based on the total amount of assets. Products that are not money such as cattle should be calculated based on the market price at the moment (Ahmad 2010). Zakah is collected through various means; in some countries it is collected by the state while in others it is collected by organizations specifically for that purpose. The Hadith gives regulations for state collection of the fund. Ahmad says that in as much as the state may collect the contribution, the laws of Muslims require that it should be separated from the national budget (49). The separation is done to ensure that the money collected achieves its purpose of helping the needy.  Payment of Zakah can be traced back to when th e Muslim religion was established. Its origin is from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Khan says that Zakah has existed in all Muslim societies throughout history although during the colonial period it was neglected but it was later restored following the Second World War (An Introduction to Islamic Economics 81). The main objective of collecting this fund is to provide support to specific groups of people especially those in the lower socioeconomic status. The Quran gives a list of those people who qualify to receive funds collected through this levy and they include; those in need, street children, people who have gotten debts when trying to earn an honest living, individuals who want to convert to the Islamic religion, travelers who have encountered difficulty, debtors, The people who collect Zakah and people who work for Allah (Ahmad 2010). The needy are those whose assets are below the nisab and those whose property cannot cater for them for the whole year. The poor on the other h and are described as those who have no assets and do not have the capability to work to earn a living. The fund is given to those in debt only if the debts were incurred when they were seeking to satisfy their basic needs (Khan 2012). Those who incurred debts through gambling or mismanagement of money do not qualify for this fund. This fund is also given to those who fight in the Holy War. Travelers are defined as those who are far away from their homes. In the past slaves also qualified for this fund but they are no more slaves. Allowing collectors of the fund to take part of it ensured that they are not tempted to steal or mismanage the fund. Some funds were donated to people who wanted to convert to Islam to aid in spreading the religion (Khan 2012).  The Hadith prohibits investment of the money collected through the means of Zakah. The money should be given directly to those in need. The family of the prophet Muhammad and his descendants are prohibited from benefiting from thi s fund. The Hadith warns that there would be punishment for people who receive funds from Zakah collection yet they are not qualified. It also warns the collectors not to take more than they deserve. There is debate on whether poor people who are not Muslim can qualify for the fund. Some states prefer that before the fund is given to non Muslim; all the Muslim needs should be met. In addition to the uses listed in the Quran, the fund can also be used for administration purposes in Organizations that manage the fund (Ahmad 2010).  According to Muhammad Khan, Zakah has not achieved its expectations because of the limits imposed by governments. Zakah is also not well managed due to a lack of proper methods of accounting and inadequate monitoring. These are the problems frequently encountered by institutions collecting this fund and should be addressed to ensure Zakah meets its expectations (81). A case in point is Pakistan, they began a centralized way of collecting the fund but to d ate they still have problems like interruptions in the collection and distribution of the funds (Khan 2012). The levy is distinguished from other kinds of religious payments by various ways. Most religious contributions are voluntary, Zakah is mandatory. Unlike the other payments, which even the poor can make, this is paid by a specific group of people. The spending of other forms of payments is based on the agreement of the religious leaders. The spending of funds collected through this means is dictated by the church. In the event that one does not pay other voluntary religious contributions, no punishment is imposed on them. If a person who is Muslim refuses to pay Zakah, they are given a penalty which is half of their wealth (Khan 1994).  In summary, Zakah is an obligatory contribution of Muslims who fulfill the requirements of Nisab. Its main function is to help the needy in society and a means of giving back to Allah the greatest. There are many issues that have changed sinc e the time Zakah was founded by The Islamic Prophet Muhammad to date. The means of collection and the distribution have to be reviewed to be in line with current trends. This should be done in a way that ensures that the reason for the collection of the fund is still met. Works Cited Ahmad, Abu Umar Faruq. Developments in Islamic Banking Practice: The experience of  Bangladesh Boca Raton, Florida: Universal Publishers, 2010. Print. Khan, Muhammad Akram. An Introduction to Islamic Economics, Pakistan, Islamabad:  IIIT, 1994. Print. Khan, Muhammad Akram. Islamic Economics and Finance: A Glossary, New York:  Routledge, 2012. Print. This essay on Islamic Religion: Zakah was written and submitted by user GhostRider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.